下面大家再聽一遍哈珀教授談話。(略)
值得一提的是,依據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的統(tǒng)計(jì),實(shí)質(zhì)流通的貨幣量只占貨幣總提供量的百分之六到百分之七。那樣,為何貨幣提供量一直被看作是個(gè)要緊的經(jīng)濟(jì)問題呢?這是由于它與社會(huì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)歷來(lái)都有可以預(yù)測(cè)的聯(lián)系。
過去一個(gè)國(guó)家的政府可以為貨幣提供增長(zhǎng)的比率擬定出數(shù)目上的目的,以對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)行某種控制。但目前有一系列的原因使得政府漸漸失去了對(duì)貨幣提供增長(zhǎng)程度的控制。拿澳大利亞來(lái)講,這類原因包含非銀行金融系統(tǒng)的進(jìn)步、一九八十年代初期開始的放松對(duì)金融系統(tǒng)的管制與技術(shù)年代的到來(lái)等等。所有這類原因都使剛剛提到的各種貨幣提供量的概念之間變得模糊不清。另外,大家也改變了用貨幣的方法。
澳洲廣播電臺(tái)金融節(jié)目主持人巴里克拉克對(duì)此進(jìn)行知道釋。在下面大家要聽的這段談話中,他提到了如此一個(gè)英文縮寫:
EFTPOS,它的全名是 Electronic funds transfer at point of sale,銷售現(xiàn)場(chǎng)電子轉(zhuǎn)帳系統(tǒng)。
EFTPOS, EFTPOS
澳洲廣播電臺(tái)金融節(jié)目主持人巴里克拉克說(shuō):
Because traditionally the holding of cash meant foregoing interest, economists1 assume people minimise their cash-holding and prefer to hold deposits which earn interest.
But the cosplayt of holding deposits is the need to convert them into cash before they can be spent.
因?yàn)閭鹘y(tǒng)上留存現(xiàn)金意味著 利息 的損失,經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家假定大家都會(huì)盡量少地留存現(xiàn)金,而把錢存在銀行來(lái)獲得利息。
但在出現(xiàn)銷售現(xiàn)場(chǎng)電子轉(zhuǎn)帳系統(tǒng)之前,為此要付出的代價(jià)是需要先要把存款變成現(xiàn)金才可以用來(lái)購(gòu)物。
This is no longer necessary. Technology allows the use of savings2 account balances through EFTPOS without converting the balances into cash first. You simply use your card to make a purchase.
Also, because building societies and credit unions paid higher interest rates than banks, people moved their deposits out of the banking3 system into what we refered to as broad money.